The preparation of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline from aniline and chlorine gas cannot be achieved in a single step. It requires a two-step process. First, aniline is nitrated to form 4-nitroaniline, and then it is chlorinated to form 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline.Step 1: Nitration of aniline to form 4-nitroanilineC6H7N + HNO3 C6H6N2O2 + H2OStep 2: Chlorination of 4-nitroaniline to form 2-chloro-4-nitroanilineC6H6N2O2 + Cl2 C6H4ClN2O2 + HClFor the stoichiometric ratios, in both reactions, the ratio of reactants is 1:1. In the first step, one mole of aniline reacts with one mole of nitric acid to form one mole of 4-nitroaniline. In the second step, one mole of 4-nitroaniline reacts with one mole of chlorine gas to form one mole of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline.