Question

What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between aniline and chlorine gas to form 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline? What is the theoretical yield of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline if 10 g of aniline and excess chlorine gas is used in the reaction?

Answer 1

The reaction between aniline and chlorine gas to form 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline involves two steps. First, aniline reacts with nitric acid to form 4-nitroaniline. Then, 4-nitroaniline reacts with chlorine gas to form 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline.Step 1: Aniline + HNO3  4-Nitroaniline + H2OC6H7N + HNO3  C6H6N2O2 + H2OStep 2: 4-Nitroaniline + Cl2  2-Chloro-4-nitroanilineC6H6N2O2 + Cl2  C6H4ClN2O2Now, let's calculate the theoretical yield of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline.1. Calculate the molar mass of aniline  C6H7N : 6  12.01  +  7  1.01  + 14.01 = 93.13 g/mol2. Calculate the moles of aniline:10 g / 93.13 g/mol = 0.107 moles3. Calculate the molar mass of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline  C6H4ClN2O2 : 6  12.01  +  4  1.01  + 35.45 +  2  14.01  +  2  16.00  = 157.57 g/mol4. Since the reaction has a 1:1 stoichiometry, the moles of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline produced will be the same as the moles of aniline used:0.107 moles5. Calculate the theoretical yield of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline:0.107 moles  157.57 g/mol = 16.86 gThe theoretical yield of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline is 16.86 g.