Question

What is the theoretical yield of p-nitroaniline that can be obtained from the reaction of 5 grams of aniline with excess nitric acid, assuming complete conversion and 100% yield?

Answer 1

To calculate the theoretical yield of p-nitroaniline, we need to use stoichiometry. First, we need the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:Aniline  C6H5NH2  + HNO3  p-Nitroaniline  C6H5N2O2  + H2ONow, we need the molar masses of aniline and p-nitroaniline:Aniline: C6H5NH2 =  6  12.01  +  5  1.01  + 14.01 = 93.13 g/molp-Nitroaniline: C6H5N2O2 =  6  12.01  +  5  1.01  +  2  14.01  +  2  16.00  = 138.12 g/molNext, we need to convert the given mass of aniline  5 grams  to moles:moles of aniline = mass / molar mass = 5 g / 93.13 g/mol = 0.0537 molSince the stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:1, the moles of p-nitroaniline produced will be equal to the moles of aniline used:moles of p-nitroaniline = 0.0537 molNow, we can convert the moles of p-nitroaniline to grams:mass of p-nitroaniline = moles  molar mass = 0.0537 mol  138.12 g/mol = 7.42 gSo, the theoretical yield of p-nitroaniline is 7.42 grams, assuming complete conversion and 100% yield.