To calculate the theoretical yield of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid, we first need to determine the number of moles of benzoic acid and then use stoichiometry to find the number of moles of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid that can be produced. Finally, we will convert the moles of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid to grams.1. Calculate the number of moles of benzoic acid:Benzoic acid has a molecular formula of C7H6O2, and its molar mass is 7 x 12.01 + 6 x 1.01 + 2 x 16.00 = 122.12 g/mol.Number of moles of benzoic acid = mass of benzoic acid / molar mass of benzoic acid = 5 g / 122.12 g/mol= 0.0409 mol2. Use stoichiometry to find the number of moles of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid:The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:C7H6O2 + 2 HNO3 C7H4N2O6 + 2 H2OFrom the balanced equation, 1 mole of benzoic acid reacts with 2 moles of nitric acid to produce 1 mole of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid. Therefore, the number of moles of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid produced is equal to the number of moles of benzoic acid.Number of moles of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid = 0.0409 mol3. Convert the moles of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid to grams:2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid has a molecular formula of C7H4N2O6, and its molar mass is 7 x 12.01 + 4 x 1.01 + 2 x 14.01 + 6 x 16.00 = 212.14 g/mol.Mass of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid = number of moles of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid x molar mass of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid = 0.0409 mol x 212.14 g/mol= 8.67 gThe theoretical yield of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid that can be obtained from the reaction between 5 grams of benzoic acid and an excess of nitric acid, assuming a 100% reaction efficiency, is 8.67 grams.