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What is the concentration of a unknown copper(II) ion solution using polarography if a current of 2.5 mA is recorded at an applied potential of -0.45 V? The standard reduction potential of Cu2+ to Cu is -0.34 V.

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To determine the concentration of the unknown copper II  ion solution using polarography, we need to use the Ilkovic equation:i = n * D^2/3  * A^1/2  * C *  v/RT ^1/6 where:i = current  2.5 mA n = number of electrons transferred in the redox reaction  2 for Cu2+ to Cu D = diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species  we need to assume a value for this, let's say 7.2 x 10^-6 cm^2/s for Cu2+ A = area of the dropping mercury electrode  DME   we need to assume a value for this, let's say 0.03 cm^2 C = concentration of the electroactive species  Cu2+ v = rate of mercury drop  we need to assume a value for this, let's say 0.002 cm/s R = gas constant  8.314 J/mol*K T = temperature  assuming room temperature, 298 K First, we need to convert the current from mA to A:i = 2.5 mA = 0.0025 ANow we can rearrange the Ilkovic equation to solve for the concentration  C :C = i /  n * D^2/3  * A^1/2  *  v/RT ^1/6  Plugging in the values:C = 0.0025 /  2 *  7.2 x 10^-6 ^2/3  *  0.03 ^1/2  *  0.002/ 8.314*298  ^1/6  C  0.0025 /  2 * 0.000144 * 0.1732 * 0.036 C  0.0025 / 0.000002C  1.25 MThe concentration of the unknown copper II  ion solution is approximately 1.25 M. Note that the actual concentration may vary depending on the actual values of the diffusion coefficient, electrode area, and drop rate, which were assumed in this calculation.

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