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What is the concentration of a copper(II) ion (Cu2+) solution using polarography if the current at -0.5 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) is 10 mA and the current at -1.0 V vs. SCE is 25 mA, assuming the standard reduction potential of Cu2+/Cu is +0.34 V vs. SCE and the supporting electrolyte is 0.1 M KCl?

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To determine the concentration of the copper II  ion  Cu2+  solution using polarography, we need to use the Ilkovic equation. The Ilkovic equation is:i_d = n * D^1/2  * A * C *  t/ ^1/2 where:i_d = diffusion current  A n = number of electrons involved in the redox reaction  for Cu2+/Cu, n = 2 D = diffusion coefficient  cm^2/s A = electrode area  cm^2 C = concentration of the analyte  mol/cm^3 t = time  s First, we need to find the limiting current  i_l , which is the difference between the currents at -1.0 V and -0.5 V:i_l = 25 mA - 10 mA = 15 mA = 0.015 ANext, we need to find the diffusion coefficient  D  of Cu2+ in 0.1 M KCl. The diffusion coefficient of Cu2+ in 1 M KCl is approximately 7.2 x 10^-6  cm^2/s. Since the supporting electrolyte is 0.1 M KCl, we can assume that the diffusion coefficient remains roughly the same.Now, we need to find the electrode area  A  and the time  t . Unfortunately, these values are not provided in the problem. However, we can still express the concentration  C  in terms of these unknown values:C = i_d /  n * D^1/2  * A *  t/ ^1/2  C = 0.015 A /  2 *  7.2 x 10^-6  cm^2/s ^1/2  * A *  t/ ^1/2  C  0.015 A /  0.0054 A *  t/ ^1/2  C  2.78 /  t/ ^1/2 Without the values of electrode area  A  and time  t , we cannot determine the exact concentration of the Cu2+ solution. However, we can express the concentration as a function of these unknown values, as shown above.

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