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Calculate the heat of formation of methane (CH4) given the enthalpies of formation of H2(g) = 0 kJ/mol and CH3(g) = 120.6 kJ/mol.

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To calculate the heat of formation of methane  CH4 , we need to consider the balanced chemical equation for the formation of methane from its elements in their standard states:C graphite  + 2H2 g   CH4 g Now, we can use Hess's Law to find the heat of formation of methane. Hess's Law states that the total enthalpy change for a chemical reaction is the same, regardless of the pathway taken. We can use the given enthalpies of formation to create a pathway to the formation of methane.First, we need to form CH3 g  from its elements:C graphite  + 1.5H2 g   CH3 g   H1 = 120.6 kJ/molNext, we need to add half a mole of H2 g  to CH3 g  to form CH4 g :CH3 g  + 0.5H2 g   CH4 g   H2 = Hf  CH4 Now, we can add these two reactions together to get the overall reaction:C graphite  + 2H2 g   CH4 g   H = H1 + H2We know the enthalpy of formation of H2 g  is 0 kJ/mol, so we can plug in the given values:H = 120.6 kJ/mol + Hf  CH4 Now, we need to find the enthalpy of formation of CH4  Hf  CH4  . To do this, we can use the bond dissociation energies of the C-H and H-H bonds. The bond dissociation energy of a C-H bond is approximately 414 kJ/mol, and the bond dissociation energy of an H-H bond is approximately 436 kJ/mol.The formation of CH4 involves breaking two H-H bonds and forming four C-H bonds:2H2 g   4H g   H = 2 * 436 kJ/mol = 872 kJ/molC graphite  + 4H g   CH4 g   H = 4 *  -414 kJ/mol  = -1656 kJ/molNow, we can find the enthalpy of formation of CH4:Hf  CH4  = -1656 kJ/mol + 872 kJ/mol = -784 kJ/molSo, the heat of formation of methane  CH4  is -784 kJ/mol.

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