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What is the yield of 2,4-dinitrophenol obtained from the reaction of phenol and nitric acid when starting with 10 grams of phenol and 15 mL of 65% nitric acid under specific reaction conditions?

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To calculate the yield of 2,4-dinitrophenol, we need to follow these steps:1. Determine the limiting reactant.2. Calculate the theoretical yield.3. Apply the specific reaction conditions to find the actual yield.Step 1: Determine the limiting reactantFirst, we need to find the molecular weights of the reactants and product:Phenol  C6H5OH : 94.11 g/molNitric acid  HNO3 : 63.01 g/mol2,4-Dinitrophenol  C6H4N2O5 : 184.11 g/molNext, we need to determine the moles of each reactant:Moles of phenol =  10 g  /  94.11 g/mol  = 0.1063 molMoles of nitric acid =  15 mL  *  1.51 g/mL  *  0.65  /  63.01 g/mol  = 0.0991 molThe balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:C6H5OH + 2 HNO3  C6H4N2O5 + 2 H2OFrom the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of phenol reacts with 2 moles of nitric acid. To find the limiting reactant, we can compare the mole ratio of the reactants:Mole ratio of nitric acid to phenol =  0.0991 mol  /  0.1063 mol  = 0.932Since the mole ratio is less than 2, nitric acid is the limiting reactant.Step 2: Calculate the theoretical yieldUsing the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, we can calculate the theoretical yield of 2,4-dinitrophenol:Moles of 2,4-dinitrophenol =  0.0991 mol nitric acid  *  1 mol 2,4-dinitrophenol / 2 mol nitric acid  = 0.04955 molTheoretical yield =  0.04955 mol  *  184.11 g/mol  = 9.116 gStep 3: Apply the specific reaction conditions to find the actual yieldSince we don't have any information about the specific reaction conditions or the percentage yield, we cannot calculate the actual yield. If you have information about the percentage yield, you can multiply the theoretical yield by the percentage yield to find the actual yield.
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