There are several factors that contribute to the difficulty in understanding the periodic table and chemical elements. Some of these factors include:1. Complexity of the periodic table: The periodic table consists of 118 elements, each with its unique symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass. This can be overwhelming for students, especially when they are first introduced to the concept.2. Abstract concepts: Many concepts in chemistry, such as atomic structure, electron configuration, and chemical bonding, are abstract and not easily visualized. This can make it difficult for students to grasp these ideas and relate them to the periodic table.3. Terminology: Chemistry has a specific language and terminology that can be confusing for students. Terms like "period," "group," "valence electrons," and "electronegativity" may be unfamiliar and challenging to understand.4. Memorization: Understanding the periodic table often requires memorization of various facts and trends, which can be difficult for some students.5. Mathematical aspects: Some aspects of chemistry, such as stoichiometry and balancing chemical equations, involve mathematical calculations that can be challenging for students who struggle with math.To address these difficulties and improve students' comprehension, the following strategies can be employed:1. Introduce the periodic table gradually: Start with the basic structure and layout of the periodic table, and then introduce the different groups and periods. Focus on the most common elements first and build upon that foundation.2. Use visual aids: Utilize diagrams, models, and animations to help students visualize abstract concepts. For example, use atomic models to demonstrate electron configurations and chemical bonding.3. Simplify terminology: Break down complex terms and explain them in simpler language. Provide clear definitions and examples to help students understand the meaning of each term.4. Encourage active learning: Engage students in hands-on activities, such as building models of atoms or performing simple experiments, to help them better understand the concepts being taught.5. Relate chemistry to real-life situations: Provide examples of how the periodic table and chemical elements are relevant to everyday life. This can help students see the importance of understanding these concepts and make them more relatable.6. Teach mnemonic devices: Provide students with mnemonic devices to help them remember key facts and trends in the periodic table.7. Provide additional support for math-related concepts: Offer extra help or resources for students who struggle with the mathematical aspects of chemistry. This can include additional practice problems, tutoring, or alternative teaching methods.By addressing these factors and employing these strategies, educators can help improve students' comprehension of the periodic table and chemical elements.