There are several key factors that make it difficult for students to understand the periodic table and chemical elements:1. Complexity of the periodic table: The periodic table consists of 118 elements, each with its own unique symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass. This can be overwhelming for students, especially when they are first introduced to the concept.2. Abstract concepts: Understanding the periodic table requires grasping abstract concepts such as atomic structure, electron configuration, and chemical bonding. These concepts can be challenging for students who may struggle with visualizing and connecting these ideas.3. Terminology: The field of chemistry has a specific language and terminology that can be confusing for students. Terms like valence electrons, atomic radius, and electronegativity may be difficult to understand and remember.4. Lack of real-world connections: Students may struggle to see the relevance of the periodic table and chemical elements to their everyday lives, making it harder for them to engage with the material.To overcome these difficulties and improve comprehension, the following strategies can be employed:1. Break down the complexity: Introduce the periodic table and its elements gradually, focusing on smaller groups of elements or specific properties. This can help students build their understanding step by step without feeling overwhelmed.2. Use visual aids: Utilize diagrams, models, and animations to help students visualize abstract concepts like atomic structure and electron configuration. This can make it easier for them to grasp these ideas and see how they relate to the periodic table.3. Simplify terminology: Explain complex terms in simpler language and provide examples to help students understand their meaning. Encourage students to create flashcards or other study aids to help them remember key terms.4. Make real-world connections: Provide examples of how the periodic table and chemical elements are relevant to everyday life, such as the elements found in common household items or the role of specific elements in the human body. This can help students see the importance of understanding these concepts and increase their engagement with the material.5. Active learning: Encourage students to participate in hands-on activities, such as conducting experiments or building models, to reinforce their understanding of the periodic table and chemical elements. This can also help them develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.6. Encourage collaboration: Have students work in groups to discuss and solve problems related to the periodic table and chemical elements. This can help them learn from their peers and develop a deeper understanding of the material.