The preparation of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid from benzoic acid and nitric acid involves the following steps:1. Nitration of benzoic acid: In this step, benzoic acid reacts with nitric acid to form 4-nitrobenzoic acid. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.2. Nitration of 4-nitrobenzoic acid: In this step, 4-nitrobenzoic acid reacts with nitric acid to form 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Step-by-step procedure:1. Dissolve 10 grams of benzoic acid in a mixture of 25 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and 25 mL of concentrated nitric acid. The mixture should be cooled to 0C using an ice bath.2. Stir the mixture for 30 minutes while maintaining the temperature at 0C.3. Slowly raise the temperature to 50C and maintain it for 2 hours.4. Cool the mixture to room temperature and then pour it into 200 mL of ice-cold water.5. Filter the precipitate formed, which is 4-nitrobenzoic acid.6. Dissolve the 4-nitrobenzoic acid in a mixture of 25 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and 25 mL of concentrated nitric acid. The mixture should be cooled to 0C using an ice bath.7. Stir the mixture for 30 minutes while maintaining the temperature at 0C.8. Slowly raise the temperature to 50C and maintain it for 2 hours.9. Cool the mixture to room temperature and then pour it into 200 mL of ice-cold water.10. Filter the precipitate formed, which is 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid.11. Wash the precipitate with cold water and then recrystallize it from a suitable solvent, such as ethanol or methanol, to obtain pure 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid.To calculate the percentage yield:1. Determine the theoretical yield: The molecular weight of benzoic acid is 122.12 g/mol, and the molecular weight of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid is 212.14 g/mol. The stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:1, so the theoretical yield can be calculated as follows: 10 g benzoic acid * 1 mol benzoic acid / 122.12 g * 212.14 g 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid / 1 mol = 17.36 g 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid2. Determine the actual yield: This value depends on the experimental results and may vary depending on factors such as reaction conditions and purity of the starting materials.3. Calculate the percentage yield: Divide the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiply by 100.Percentage yield = actual yield / theoretical yield * 100Without the actual yield value, it is not possible to provide a specific percentage yield for this reaction.