The most effective analytical method to determine pesticide residues in food samples is the QuEChERS Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method combined with chromatographic techniques, such as gas chromatography GC or liquid chromatography LC coupled with mass spectrometry MS for detection and quantification.QuEChERS is a sample preparation method that involves extraction and cleanup of the sample, followed by analysis using GC-MS or LC-MS. This method is widely used due to its simplicity, speed, and cost-effectiveness. It has been successfully applied to various food matrices, including fruits, vegetables, cereals, and animal products.Long-term exposure to pesticide residues in food can have several negative effects on human health. These effects depend on the type of pesticide, the level of exposure, and individual susceptibility. Some potential health effects include:1. Neurological effects: Some pesticides, such as organophosphates and carbamates, can affect the nervous system, leading to symptoms like headaches, dizziness, and even more severe conditions like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.2. Hormonal disruption: Certain pesticides can act as endocrine disruptors, interfering with the normal functioning of hormones in the body. This can lead to reproductive issues, developmental problems in children, and an increased risk of certain cancers.3. Carcinogenic effects: Some pesticides have been classified as potential human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC . Long-term exposure to these pesticides may increase the risk of developing cancer.4. Immunotoxicity: Pesticide exposure can also affect the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and other diseases.5. Developmental and reproductive toxicity: Prenatal exposure to certain pesticides has been linked to birth defects, low birth weight, and developmental delays in children.To minimize the risk of these health effects, it is essential to monitor pesticide residues in food and ensure that they remain within the acceptable limits established by regulatory agencies. Additionally, consumers can reduce their exposure by washing fruits and vegetables thoroughly, peeling them when possible, and choosing organic products when feasible.