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What is the impact of temperature on the surface tension of water and how can it be measured experimentally using a capillary tube and a balance?

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ago by (139k points)
The impact of temperature on the surface tension of water is an inverse relationship. As the temperature increases, the surface tension of water decreases. This occurs because the increased thermal energy causes the water molecules to move more rapidly, weakening the hydrogen bonds between them. Consequently, the cohesive forces between the water molecules decrease, leading to a reduction in surface tension.To measure the surface tension of water at different temperatures using a capillary tube and a balance, you can perform the following experiment:1. Prepare a water bath with a temperature controller to maintain a constant temperature. You will need to perform the experiment at different temperatures to observe the impact of temperature on surface tension.2. Fill a beaker with distilled water and place it in the water bath. Allow the water to reach the desired temperature.3. Take a capillary tube with a known diameter and dip one end into the beaker of water. The water will rise in the capillary tube due to surface tension.4. Measure the height of the water column in the capillary tube using a ruler or a graduated scale. Record the height  h  and the temperature  T  of the water.5. Repeat steps 2-4 for different temperatures.6. Calculate the surface tension    using the Jurin's Law formula:    =  ghr  / 2   where  is the density of water, g is the acceleration due to gravity, h is the height of the water column in the capillary tube, and r is the radius of the capillary tube.7. Plot the surface tension    against the temperature  T  to observe the relationship between the two variables.You should observe that the surface tension decreases as the temperature increases, confirming the inverse relationship between temperature and surface tension in water.
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