One of the most effective methods to synthesize a biodegradable polymer using natural resources and renewable feedstocks is through the production of polylactic acid PLA from lactic acid, which can be derived from renewable resources like corn starch, sugarcane, or cassava. The process involves two main steps: fermentation and polymerization.1. Fermentation: Lactic acid is produced through the fermentation of sugars obtained from renewable resources. Microorganisms, such as Lactobacillus species, are used to convert the sugars into lactic acid.2. Polymerization: The lactic acid is then converted into PLA through a process called ring-opening polymerization. This involves the formation of lactide, a cyclic dimer of lactic acid, which is then polymerized using a catalyst to form PLA.The chemical properties of PLA include:1. Molecular weight: The molecular weight of PLA can be controlled during the polymerization process, which affects its mechanical properties and degradation rate.2. Crystallinity: PLA is a semi-crystalline polymer, and its crystallinity can be influenced by factors such as molecular weight, processing conditions, and the presence of additives.3. Glass transition temperature Tg : The Tg of PLA is around 55-60C, which means it becomes more flexible and less brittle above this temperature.4. Melting temperature Tm : The Tm of PLA is around 150-160C, which is relatively low compared to other polymers like PET or polyethylene.5. Biodegradability: PLA is biodegradable and can be broken down by microorganisms into carbon dioxide and water under the right conditions, such as in an industrial composting facility.6. Mechanical properties: PLA has good tensile strength and modulus, but its impact resistance and elongation at break are lower than those of petroleum-based polymers like PET or polyethylene. However, these properties can be improved by blending PLA with other polymers or adding additives.7. Barrier properties: PLA has moderate barrier properties against oxygen and water vapor, making it suitable for some packaging applications.In summary, the most effective method to synthesize a biodegradable polymer using natural resources and renewable feedstocks is through the production of PLA from lactic acid. The resulting polymer has several desirable chemical properties, such as biodegradability, good tensile strength, and moderate barrier properties, making it suitable for various applications, including packaging, agricultural films, and disposable cutlery.