The most effective synthesis route for producing a biodegradable polymer with adjustable properties, using environmentally friendly and cost-efficient raw materials, is the ring-opening polymerization ROP of cyclic esters or lactones. This method allows for the production of aliphatic polyesters, such as polylactic acid PLA , polyglycolic acid PGA , and polycaprolactone PCL , which are known for their biodegradability and tunable properties.The ROP process involves the initiation of polymerization by an initiator, which can be a metal catalyst or an organic compound. The cyclic ester or lactone monomers are then opened and added to the growing polymer chain. By controlling the reaction conditions, such as temperature, reaction time, and catalyst concentration, the molecular weight, mechanical strength, and degradation rate of the resulting polymer can be adjusted.The raw materials for ROP, such as lactic acid, glycolic acid, and caprolactone, can be obtained from renewable resources or through the fermentation of biomass, making them environmentally friendly and cost-efficient. Additionally, the ROP process itself is relatively simple and can be carried out under mild conditions, further reducing the environmental impact and cost of production.In summary, the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters or lactones is an effective synthesis route for producing biodegradable polymers with adjustable properties, using environmentally friendly and cost-efficient raw materials.