In the Citric Acid Cycle also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle , ATP is not generated directly via oxidative phosphorylation. Instead, the cycle produces high-energy electron carriers NADH and FADH2 and one molecule of GTP guanosine triphosphate through substrate-level phosphorylation. The high-energy electron carriers then donate their electrons to the electron transport chain, which ultimately leads to the generation of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.The step in the Citric Acid Cycle that generates GTP is the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate. This is the fifth step in the cycle, catalyzed by the enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase. During this reaction, the energy released from the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate is used to phosphorylate GDP guanosine diphosphate to GTP. In some organisms, this GTP can be readily converted to ATP through the action of a nucleoside-diphosphate kinase, which transfers the terminal phosphate group from GTP to ADP adenosine diphosphate , generating ATP.The mechanism of ATP generation via oxidative phosphorylation involves the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to the electron transport chain ETC located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. As the electrons move through the ETC, they release energy that is used to pump protons H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient. This gradient drives the synthesis of ATP through the action of ATP synthase, an enzyme that couples the flow of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix with the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. This process is known as chemiosmosis and is the primary mechanism by which ATP is generated via oxidative phosphorylation.