Improving the yields of ibuprofen from the synthesis of 2-methylpropylbenzene also known as isobutylbenzene and carbon dioxide can be achieved by optimizing various factors in the reaction process. Here are some strategies to consider:1. Catalyst selection: The use of an appropriate catalyst can significantly improve the reaction rate and selectivity, leading to higher yields. For example, using a transition metal catalyst, such as palladium or nickel, can facilitate the carboxylation reaction between isobutylbenzene and carbon dioxide.2. Reaction conditions: Optimizing reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and reaction time, can have a significant impact on the yield. Higher pressures of carbon dioxide and elevated temperatures may increase the reaction rate and improve the yield. However, it is essential to find the optimal conditions to avoid side reactions or degradation of the product.3. Solvent selection: Choosing the right solvent can improve the solubility of reactants and catalysts, leading to better contact between the reaction components and, consequently, higher yields. Polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide DMF or dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO , can be used to improve the solubility of isobutylbenzene and the catalyst.4. Reactant purity: Using high-purity reactants can minimize side reactions and impurities, leading to higher yields of the desired product.5. Reaction monitoring: Regularly monitoring the reaction progress using analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography GC or high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC , can help identify the optimal reaction time and prevent overreaction or degradation of the product.6. Post-reaction purification: Efficient purification methods, such as column chromatography or crystallization, can help separate the desired product from impurities and by-products, leading to higher yields of pure ibuprofen.By optimizing these factors, it is possible to improve the yields of ibuprofen in the synthesis from 2-methylpropylbenzene and carbon dioxide. It is essential to conduct experiments to determine the best combination of conditions and materials for the specific reaction setup.