To synthesize ibuprofen from 2-methylpropylbenzene and carbon dioxide, you would need to perform a series of reactions, including Friedel-Crafts alkylation, hydrolysis, and decarboxylation. Once the reactions are complete, you will need to isolate and purify the ibuprofen from the reaction mixture. Here is a step-by-step experimental process to achieve this:1. Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: In this step, 2-methylpropylbenzene is reacted with an acyl chloride such as acetyl chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminum chloride to form a ketone. This reaction should be carried out in a round-bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a magnetic stirrer.2. Hydrolysis: The ketone formed in the previous step is then hydrolyzed using aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a carboxylic acid. This reaction should be performed in a round-bottom flask with a reflux condenser and a magnetic stirrer.3. Decarboxylation: The carboxylic acid is then heated with carbon dioxide under high pressure to form ibuprofen. This step should be carried out in a high-pressure reactor with a heating mantle and a pressure gauge.4. Isolation and Purification: After the synthesis is complete, the reaction mixture will contain ibuprofen along with other by-products and unreacted starting materials. To isolate and purify ibuprofen, follow these steps: a. Extraction: Cool the reaction mixture to room temperature and transfer it to a separatory funnel. Add an appropriate organic solvent such as ethyl acetate and water to the funnel. Shake the funnel gently and allow the layers to separate. The organic layer will contain ibuprofen, while the aqueous layer will contain water-soluble impurities. Drain the aqueous layer and repeat the extraction process if necessary. b. Drying: Transfer the organic layer to a clean flask and add anhydrous sodium sulfate to remove any residual water. Allow the mixture to stand for a few minutes, then filter the drying agent. c. Evaporation: Transfer the dried organic solution to a round-bottom flask and evaporate the solvent using a rotary evaporator. This will leave behind crude ibuprofen as a solid residue. d. Recrystallization: To further purify the crude ibuprofen, dissolve it in a minimal amount of hot solvent such as ethanol and allow the solution to cool slowly. As the solution cools, ibuprofen will crystallize, leaving impurities in the solvent. Filter the crystals and wash them with a small amount of cold solvent to remove any remaining impurities. e. Drying and Characterization: Dry the purified ibuprofen crystals under vacuum or in a desiccator. Once dry, characterize the product using techniques such as melting point determination, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to confirm its identity and purity.Potential challenges and solutions:- Incomplete reactions or side reactions: Ensure that the reaction conditions temperature, pressure, and stoichiometry are optimized and that the reactions are allowed to proceed to completion.- Loss of product during extraction or recrystallization: Use appropriate solvents and techniques to minimize product loss. If necessary, repeat the extraction or recrystallization steps to improve the yield and purity of the product.- Difficulty in characterizing the product: Use a combination of analytical techniques to confirm the identity and purity of the synthesized ibuprofen. If necessary, consult the literature or consult with an experienced chemist for guidance on interpreting the data.