Doping graphene with nitrogen is a process that involves introducing nitrogen atoms into the carbon lattice of graphene. This process can significantly alter the electronic properties and conductivity of graphene, making it suitable for various applications in electronics, sensors, and energy storage devices.When nitrogen atoms are introduced into the graphene lattice, they can replace some of the carbon atoms, forming either pyridinic, pyrrolic, or graphitic nitrogen configurations. The nitrogen atoms have one more valence electron than carbon atoms, which leads to the following effects on the electronic properties and conductivity of graphene:1. Enhanced conductivity: The introduction of nitrogen atoms increases the number of free charge carriers electrons or holes in the graphene lattice. This increase in charge carriers enhances the electrical conductivity of the doped graphene, making it more suitable for applications in electronic devices and sensors.2. Tunable bandgap: Pristine graphene is a zero-bandgap semimetal, which means it does not have a bandgap between its valence and conduction bands. This property limits its use in some electronic applications, such as transistors, where a bandgap is required for switching on and off. Nitrogen doping can introduce a tunable bandgap in graphene, depending on the doping concentration and configuration. This tunable bandgap allows for better control of the electronic properties of graphene, making it more suitable for various electronic applications.3. Enhanced chemical reactivity: Nitrogen-doped graphene exhibits higher chemical reactivity compared to pristine graphene due to the presence of nitrogen atoms. The nitrogen atoms create active sites in the graphene lattice, which can interact with other molecules and ions. This enhanced reactivity can be beneficial for applications such as sensors, catalysis, and energy storage devices.4. Improved electrochemical performance: Nitrogen-doped graphene has been shown to exhibit improved electrochemical performance compared to pristine graphene. The enhanced conductivity and chemical reactivity of nitrogen-doped graphene make it an attractive material for use in energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors and batteries.In summary, doping graphene with nitrogen can significantly affect its electronic properties and conductivity by introducing additional charge carriers, creating a tunable bandgap, enhancing chemical reactivity, and improving electrochemical performance. These changes make nitrogen-doped graphene a promising material for various applications in electronics, sensors, and energy storage devices.