0 votes
21 views
ago in Physical Chemistry by (530 points)
Determine the concentration of copper ions in a copper sulfate solution by constructing an electrochemical cell and measuring its voltage using a standard hydrogen electrode.

1 Answer

0 votes
ago by (470 points)
To determine the concentration of copper ions in a copper sulfate solution using an electrochemical cell and a standard hydrogen electrode  SHE , follow these steps:1. Prepare the electrochemical cell:   a. Set up a half-cell containing the copper sulfate solution with a copper electrode  Cu  immersed in it.   b. Set up another half-cell containing a standard hydrogen electrode  SHE  with a platinum electrode  Pt  immersed in a 1.0 M HCl solution.   c. Connect the two half-cells with a salt bridge to allow the flow of ions between them.   d. Connect the copper electrode and the platinum electrode to a voltmeter to measure the cell potential.2. Measure the cell voltage:   a. Turn on the voltmeter and record the cell potential  E_cell  in volts.3. Calculate the standard reduction potentials:   a. The standard reduction potential for the SHE is 0 V by definition.   b. The standard reduction potential for the Cu2+/Cu half-cell is +0.34 V.4. Calculate the cell potential using the Nernst equation:   a. The Nernst equation is E_cell = E_cell -  RT/nF  * ln Q , where E_cell is the standard cell potential, R is the gas constant  8.314 J/molK , T is the temperature in Kelvin  assume 298 K if not given , n is the number of electrons transferred in the redox reaction  2 for Cu2+/Cu , F is the Faraday constant  96485 C/mol , and Q is the reaction quotient.   b. Calculate E_cell by subtracting the standard reduction potential of the SHE from that of the Cu2+/Cu half-cell: E_cell = 0.34 V - 0 V = 0.34 V.   c. Rearrange the Nernst equation to solve for Q: Q = exp  E_cell - E_cell  * nF / RT .   d. Plug in the values and calculate Q.5. Determine the concentration of Cu2+ ions:   a. The reaction quotient Q = [Cu2+] / [H+]^2, where [Cu2+] is the concentration of copper ions and [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions  1.0 M in the SHE half-cell .   b. Rearrange the equation to solve for [Cu2+]: [Cu2+] = Q * [H+]^2.   c. Plug in the values and calculate the concentration of Cu2+ ions in the copper sulfate solution.By following these steps, you can determine the concentration of copper ions in a copper sulfate solution using an electrochemical cell and a standard hydrogen electrode.

Related questions

Welcome to Sarvan Science Q&A, where you can ask questions and receive answers from other members of the community.
...