Ibuprofen is an important non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSAID with the molecular formula C13H18O2. The synthesis of ibuprofen from benzene can be achieved through a series of chemical reactions. Here is a retrosynthesis plan for the synthesis of ibuprofen from benzene:1. Friedel-Crafts Acylation: The first step is to introduce a carbonyl group to the benzene ring. This can be achieved by performing a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction using propionyl chloride CH3CH2COCl and aluminum chloride AlCl3 as a catalyst. This reaction will yield 1-phenylpropan-1-one.2. Reduction of Carbonyl Group: Next, reduce the carbonyl group of 1-phenylpropan-1-one to an alcohol using a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride NaBH4 or lithium aluminum hydride LiAlH4 . This will yield 1-phenylpropan-1-ol.3. -Substitution: Perform an -substitution reaction on 1-phenylpropan-1-ol using a strong base such as sodium hydride NaH to deprotonate the -hydrogen, followed by the addition of methyl iodide CH3I to alkylate the -carbon. This will yield 2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-ol.4. Swern Oxidation: Convert the primary alcohol group of 2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-ol to an aldehyde using Swern oxidation, which involves the use of oxalyl chloride COCl2 and dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO as reagents. This will yield 2-methyl-1-phenylpropanal.5. Wittig Reaction: Perform a Wittig reaction on 2-methyl-1-phenylpropanal using triphenylphosphoranylidene acetic acid Ph3P=CHCOOH and a strong base such as n-butyllithium n-BuLi to form a phosphorane intermediate. The reaction will yield E -2-methyl-1-phenylprop-1-en-1-yl acetate.6. Hydrolysis and Decarboxylation: Hydrolyze the ester group of E -2-methyl-1-phenylprop-1-en-1-yl acetate using a strong base such as sodium hydroxide NaOH in an aqueous solution. This will yield E -2-methyl-1-phenylprop-1-en-1-yl acetic acid. Then, perform a decarboxylation reaction by heating the compound in the presence of a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid HCl . This will yield E -2-methyl-1-phenylprop-1-ene.7. Hydroboration-Oxidation: Perform a hydroboration-oxidation reaction on E -2-methyl-1-phenylprop-1-ene using diborane B2H6 as the hydroborating agent and hydrogen peroxide H2O2 as the oxidizing agent. This will yield S -2- 4-isobutylphenyl propanoic acid, which is the desired ibuprofen.In summary, the retrosynthesis plan for the synthesis of ibuprofen from benzene involves the following steps:1. Friedel-Crafts Acylation2. Reduction of Carbonyl Group3. -Substitution4. Swern Oxidation5. Wittig Reaction6. Hydrolysis and Decarboxylation7. Hydroboration-Oxidation