Design:A novel drug delivery system using graphene oxide GO as the carrier material can be designed by functionalizing the GO surface with a drug molecule and a targeting ligand. The drug molecule will be loaded onto the GO surface through non-covalent interactions, while the targeting ligand will be covalently attached to the GO surface to ensure specific targeting of the desired cells or tissues.Synthesis Method:1. Prepare graphene oxide GO by the modified Hummers method, which involves the oxidation of graphite using potassium permanganate KMnO4 and sulfuric acid H2SO4 in the presence of sodium nitrate NaNO3 and water.2. Disperse the GO in water by ultrasonication to obtain a stable GO suspension.3. Load the drug molecule onto the GO surface by mixing the drug with the GO suspension and stirring for a specific time. The drug loading can be achieved through non-covalent interactions such as - stacking, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions.4. Covalently attach the targeting ligand to the GO surface by using a suitable coupling agent, such as 1-ethyl-3- 3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide EDC and N-hydroxysuccinimide NHS . This will ensure specific targeting of the desired cells or tissues.Characterization:1. X-ray diffraction XRD : Use XRD to analyze the crystal structure of the drug-loaded GO and confirm the successful loading of the drug onto the GO surface.2. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR : Use FTIR to study the functional groups present on the drug-loaded GO surface and confirm the successful attachment of the drug and the targeting ligand.3. Zeta potential measurements: Measure the zeta potential of the drug-loaded GO to determine the stability and surface charge of the nanocarrier, which can affect the cellular uptake and drug release properties.Evaluation of Drug Release Properties:1. Study the drug release properties of the drug-loaded GO by monitoring the release of the drug in a simulated physiological environment e.g., phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4 at different time intervals.2. Investigate the effect of various factors, such as temperature, pH, and the presence of enzymes, on the drug release properties of the drug-loaded GO.Comparison with Current Drug Delivery Systems:1. Compare the drug loading capacity, stability, and biocompatibility of the drug-loaded GO with other drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles.2. Evaluate the cellular uptake, targeting efficiency, and therapeutic efficacy of the drug-loaded GO in comparison with other drug delivery systems using in vitro and in vivo models.3. Assess the potential advantages and limitations of the drug-loaded GO as a drug delivery system, such as its high surface area, ease of functionalization, and potential toxicity concerns.