To design a chemical reactor for the production of ammonia through the Haber process, we first need to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction and the required flow rates of the reactants. The balanced equation for the Haber process is:N2 + 3H2 2NH3Given a production rate of 1000 kg of ammonia NH3 per hour, we can calculate the required moles of nitrogen N2 and hydrogen H2 per hour.Molar mass of NH3 = 14 N + 3 * 1 H = 17 g/molMoles of NH3 = 1000 kg * 1000 g/kg / 17 g/mol = 58,824 mol/hFrom the stoichiometry of the reaction, we can determine the moles of N2 and H2 required:Moles of N2 = 1/2 * moles of NH3 = 29,412 mol/hMoles of H2 = 3 * moles of N2 = 88,235 mol/hNow, we can calculate the input flow rates of N2 and H2:Flow rate of N2 = 29,412 mol/hFlow rate of H2 = 88,235 mol/hThe feedstock gas composition is given as a 3:1 molar ratio of H2:N2. We can verify that the calculated flow rates match this ratio:88,235 mol/h H2 / 29,412 mol/h N2 3Now, we need to determine the reactor size. The operating conditions are given as 450C and 100 bar pressure. The reaction rate and conversion will depend on these conditions, as well as the catalyst used. For the Haber process, a typical catalyst is iron with potassium oxide and alumina promoters.Assuming a single pass conversion of 15% typical for the Haber process , we can calculate the total moles of N2 and H2 fed to the reactor:Total moles of N2 fed = 29,412 mol/h / 0.15 = 196,080 mol/hTotal moles of H2 fed = 88,235 mol/h / 0.15 = 588,235 mol/hTo determine the reactor size, we need to calculate the volumetric flow rate of the reactants. We can use the ideal gas law PV = nRT to do this:Volumetric flow rate = n * R * T / PWhere R is the ideal gas constant 8.314 J/molK , T is the temperature in Kelvin 450C + 273.15 = 723.15 K , and P is the pressure in Pa 100 bar * 10^5 Pa/bar .Volumetric flow rate of N2 = 196,080 mol/h * 8.314 J/molK * 723.15 K / 100 * 10^5 Pa = 1,148 m^3/hVolumetric flow rate of H2 = 588,235 mol/h * 8.314 J/molK * 723.15 K / 100 * 10^5 Pa = 3,444 m^3/hAssuming a plug flow reactor PFR with a residence time of 1 hour, the total reactor volume can be calculated as:Reactor volume = Volumetric flow rate of N2 + Volumetric flow rate of H2 * residence timeReactor volume = 1,148 m^3/h + 3,444 m^3/h * 1 h = 4,592 m^3Key design considerations for the reactor include:1. Catalyst selection and optimization: The choice of catalyst and its promoters will have a significant impact on the reaction rate and conversion. The catalyst should be optimized for the given operating conditions.2. Reactor type: The choice of reactor type e.g., PFR, continuous stirred-tank reactor will affect the conversion and reaction rate. A PFR is typically used for the Haber process due to its high conversion efficiency.3. Temperature and pressure control: The reaction is exothermic, so temperature control is crucial to maintain optimal reaction conditions and prevent catalyst deactivation. Pressure control is also important, as high pressure favors the formation of ammonia.4. Heat exchange and energy recovery: The exothermic nature of the reaction allows for the possibility of heat exchange and energy recovery, which can improve the overall process efficiency.5. Reactor materials: The reactor materials should be resistant to corrosion and able to withstand the high temperatures and pressures involved in the process.6. Safety considerations: The handling and storage of high-pressure gases, as well as the potential for ammonia leaks, require careful safety considerations in the reactor design.