The synthesis of ibuprofen from 2-methylpropylbenzene and carbon dioxide using a carbonylation reaction mechanism involves several steps. The optimal reaction conditions for each step are as follows:1. Hydroxylation of 2-methylpropylbenzene: The first step is the hydroxylation of 2-methylpropylbenzene to form 2- 4-isobutylphenyl propanol. This can be achieved using a strong oxidizing agent like potassium permanganate KMnO4 or osmium tetroxide OsO4 in an alkaline medium. The reaction is typically carried out at room temperature 25C for several hours.2. Carbonylation of 2- 4-isobutylphenyl propanol: The next step is the carbonylation of 2- 4-isobutylphenyl propanol to form 2- 4-isobutylphenyl propionic acid. This can be achieved using carbon monoxide CO as the carbonylating agent in the presence of a transition metal catalyst like palladium Pd or rhodium Rh complexed with a phosphine ligand. The reaction is typically carried out at elevated temperatures 100-150C and high pressure 50-100 atm for several hours.3. Esterification of 2- 4-isobutylphenyl propionic acid: The final step is the esterification of 2- 4-isobutylphenyl propionic acid to form ibuprofen. This can be achieved using an alcohol e.g., isopropanol in the presence of an acid catalyst like sulfuric acid H2SO4 or p-toluenesulfonic acid p-TsOH . The reaction is typically carried out at reflux temperature around 80-90C for several hours.In summary, the optimal reaction conditions for the synthesis of ibuprofen from 2-methylpropylbenzene and carbon dioxide using a carbonylation reaction mechanism are:1. Hydroxylation: Room temperature 25C , strong oxidizing agent, alkaline medium.2. Carbonylation: Elevated temperature 100-150C , high pressure 50-100 atm , transition metal catalyst, phosphine ligand.3. Esterification: Reflux temperature 80-90C , acid catalyst, alcohol as the esterifying agent.