Carbohydrates and lipids are both essential biomolecules that play crucial roles in living organisms. They differ in their chemical structure and functional roles as follows:Chemical Structure:1. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with the general formula Cn H2O n. They are classified into three main groups: monosaccharides e.g., glucose and fructose , disaccharides e.g., sucrose and lactose , and polysaccharides e.g., starch, glycogen, and cellulose . Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar unit, while disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides linked together. Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides connected by glycosidic bonds.2. Lipids: Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, but they have a lower proportion of oxygen compared to carbohydrates. Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules, including fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. The most common lipids are triglycerides, which consist of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acid chains. Fatty acids can be saturated no double bonds between carbon atoms or unsaturated one or more double bonds between carbon atoms .Functional Roles:1. Carbohydrates: The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide energy for living organisms. Glucose, a monosaccharide, is the main source of energy for cellular respiration. Carbohydrates can also be stored as glycogen in animals and starch in plants for later use. Additionally, carbohydrates play a structural role in organisms, such as cellulose in plant cell walls and chitin in the exoskeleton of arthropods.2. Lipids: Lipids serve several important functions in living organisms. They are a major source of stored energy, with fats and oils providing more than twice the energy per unit weight compared to carbohydrates. Lipids are also essential components of cell membranes, with phospholipids forming the lipid bilayer that separates the cell's interior from the external environment. Furthermore, lipids play a role in insulation and protection, with adipose tissue providing cushioning for organs and maintaining body temperature. Some lipids, such as cholesterol and steroid hormones, are involved in cell signaling and regulation of various physiological processes.In summary, carbohydrates and lipids differ in their chemical structure, with carbohydrates having a higher proportion of oxygen atoms and lipids being more hydrophobic. Functionally, carbohydrates primarily serve as an energy source and structural component, while lipids are involved in energy storage, cell membrane formation, insulation, protection, and cell signaling.