Carbohydrates and lipids are both essential biomolecules that play crucial roles in biological systems. They differ in their chemical structure, which in turn contributes to their distinct properties and functions.Chemical Structure:1. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with a general formula of Cn H2O n. They are classified into three main groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar unit, such as glucose and fructose. Disaccharides are formed by the combination of two monosaccharides, such as sucrose glucose + fructose and lactose glucose + galactose . Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides linked together, such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose.2. Lipids: Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, but they have a lower proportion of oxygen compared to carbohydrates. They are generally hydrophobic water-insoluble due to their nonpolar nature. Lipids can be classified into several categories, including triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols. Triglycerides are composed of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids. Phospholipids consist of a glycerol molecule, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group. Sterols, such as cholesterol, have a complex ring structure.Distinct Properties and Functions:1. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are primarily involved in providing energy to cells. Monosaccharides, such as glucose, can be directly used as an energy source through cellular respiration. Disaccharides and polysaccharides serve as energy storage molecules that can be broken down into monosaccharides when needed. Polysaccharides like cellulose also provide structural support in plants, while glycogen serves as an energy storage molecule in animals.Examples:- Glucose: A monosaccharide that serves as the primary energy source for cells.- Starch: A polysaccharide found in plants that stores energy for later use.- Cellulose: A structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, providing rigidity and support.2. Lipids: Lipids serve various functions in biological systems, including energy storage, structural components of cell membranes, and signaling molecules. Triglycerides are the primary form of energy storage in animals, providing more energy per gram than carbohydrates. Phospholipids are essential components of cell membranes, forming a bilayer that separates the cell's interior from the external environment. Sterols, such as cholesterol, help maintain membrane fluidity and serve as precursors for other important molecules, like steroid hormones.Examples:- Triglycerides: The main form of energy storage in animals, providing long-term energy reserves.- Phospholipids: Key components of cell membranes, forming a barrier between the cell's interior and exterior.- Cholesterol: A sterol that helps maintain membrane fluidity and serves as a precursor for steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen.In summary, the differences in chemical structure between carbohydrates and lipids contribute to their distinct properties and functions in biological systems. Carbohydrates primarily serve as energy sources and structural components, while lipids function in energy storage, cell membrane structure, and signaling.