Amino acids and nucleotides are both essential biomolecules in living organisms, but they have different structures and functions.Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They contain a central carbon atom, an amino group NH2 , a carboxyl group COOH , and a unique side chain R group that distinguishes each of the 20 common amino acids found in proteins. The side chains can vary in size, polarity, and charge, which influences the properties of the amino acids and the proteins they form. Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which then fold into specific three-dimensional structures to create functional proteins.Nucleotides, on the other hand, are the building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. They consist of three components: a nitrogenous base adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine in DNA, or uracil in RNA , a five-carbon sugar deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA , and one or more phosphate groups. Nucleotides are linked together by phosphodiester bonds to form a polynucleotide chain, which then forms the double helix structure of DNA or the single-stranded structure of RNA.The chemical structures of amino acids and nucleotides directly affect their functions within biological systems. The unique side chains of amino acids determine the interactions between amino acids within a protein, which in turn dictates the protein's structure and function. Proteins are responsible for a wide range of functions, including catalyzing biochemical reactions, providing structural support, and transporting molecules.Nucleotides, as the building blocks of DNA and RNA, play a crucial role in the storage and transmission of genetic information. The nitrogenous bases in nucleotides form complementary base pairs A-T or A-U, and C-G that enable the accurate replication of DNA and the transcription of RNA. RNA molecules, such as messenger RNA mRNA , transfer RNA tRNA , and ribosomal RNA rRNA , are involved in the process of translating genetic information into proteins.In summary, amino acids and nucleotides are distinct biomolecules with different chemical structures that determine their roles in protein synthesis and genetic information storage and transmission within biological systems.