Amino acids and nucleotides are both essential biomolecules in living organisms, but they have distinct structures and functions.Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different amino acids that can be combined in various sequences to form a wide variety of proteins. Each amino acid consists of a central carbon atom C bonded to an amino group -NH2 , a carboxyl group -COOH , a hydrogen atom H , and a unique side chain R group that determines its properties and function. The side chains can be polar, nonpolar, acidic, or basic, which influences the amino acid's interactions with other molecules and its role in protein structure.Proteins are essential for numerous biological processes, including catalyzing chemical reactions enzymes , providing structural support collagen , transporting molecules hemoglobin , and immune response antibodies . The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its three-dimensional structure and function.Nucleotides, on the other hand, are the building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA ribonucleic acid . A nucleotide consists of three components: a nitrogenous base adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine in DNA, or uracil in RNA , a five-carbon sugar deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA , and a phosphate group. Nucleotides are linked together by phosphodiester bonds to form a polynucleotide chain, with the nitrogenous bases forming the "rungs" of the DNA or RNA molecule.The primary function of nucleotides is to store and transmit genetic information. DNA serves as the genetic blueprint for an organism, containing the instructions for synthesizing proteins. RNA is involved in various processes, including transcription copying DNA into RNA and translation converting RNA sequences into proteins . Additionally, some nucleotides, such as ATP adenosine triphosphate , serve as energy carriers in cellular metabolism.In summary, amino acids and nucleotides are distinct biomolecules with different structures and functions. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and contribute to their diverse structures and functions, while nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids and play a crucial role in storing and transmitting genetic information.