To determine the concentration of each ion present in a mixture of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions using capillary electrophoresis, you will need to follow these steps:1. Prepare the sample: Dissolve the mixture in a suitable solvent, usually water or a buffer solution, to create a homogeneous solution.2. Prepare the capillary electrophoresis system: Set up the capillary electrophoresis instrument according to the manufacturer's instructions. This typically involves filling the capillary with a background electrolyte BGE solution, which helps to separate the ions based on their electrophoretic mobility.3. Inject the sample: Introduce a small volume of the prepared sample into the capillary using an appropriate injection method, such as electrokinetic or hydrodynamic injection.4. Apply voltage: Apply a high voltage across the capillary, which will cause the ions to migrate through the capillary based on their charge and size. The negatively charged ions anions will migrate towards the positive electrode anode , while the positively charged ions cations will migrate towards the negative electrode cathode .5. Detect the ions: As the ions pass through the capillary, they will be detected by a suitable detector, such as a UV-Vis or conductivity detector. The detector will generate a signal proportional to the concentration of each ion, which will be recorded as a peak in the electropherogram.6. Analyze the data: Identify the peaks in the electropherogram corresponding to the chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions based on their migration times or relative mobilities. Compare the peak areas or heights to those of known standards to determine the concentration of each ion in the sample.7. Calculate the concentration: Use the calibration curve or standard addition method to calculate the concentration of each ion in the sample.Keep in mind that the specific details of the capillary electrophoresis procedure, such as the choice of BGE, capillary dimensions, and detection method, will depend on the particular instrument and experimental conditions. It is essential to optimize these parameters to achieve the best separation and detection of the ions of interest.