To determine the concentration of copper ions in a given water sample using voltammetry, you will need to follow these steps:1. Prepare the water sample: Filter the water sample to remove any suspended particles and debris. This will ensure that the voltammetric analysis is accurate and not affected by any interfering substances.2. Prepare the voltammetric cell: Set up a three-electrode system, which includes a working electrode usually a glassy carbon electrode or a mercury drop electrode , a reference electrode such as Ag/AgCl or a saturated calomel electrode , and a counter electrode such as a platinum wire .3. Calibration: Prepare a series of standard solutions containing known concentrations of copper ions. Perform voltammetric measurements on each of these standard solutions to obtain a calibration curve. This curve will be used to determine the concentration of copper ions in the water sample.4. Perform the voltammetric measurement: Add the water sample to the voltammetric cell and perform the voltammetric analysis. This can be done using techniques such as linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, or differential pulse voltammetry. The choice of technique depends on the sensitivity and selectivity required for the analysis.5. Analyze the voltammogram: The voltammogram will show a peak current that corresponds to the reduction or oxidation of copper ions at the working electrode. The position of this peak potential will be characteristic of the copper ions, and the height of the peak current will be proportional to the concentration of copper ions in the sample.6. Determine the concentration: Use the calibration curve obtained in step 3 to determine the concentration of copper ions in the water sample. Compare the peak current obtained in the voltammogram of the water sample to the peak currents obtained in the voltammograms of the standard solutions. This will allow you to determine the concentration of copper ions in the water sample.Keep in mind that the accuracy and precision of the voltammetric analysis will depend on various factors, such as the quality of the electrodes, the cleanliness of the cell, and the choice of voltammetric technique. Additionally, the presence of interfering substances in the water sample may affect the analysis, so it is essential to perform appropriate sample preparation and select a suitable voltammetric technique for the analysis.