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A student needs to calculate the efficiency of a voltaic cell that has a standard potential difference of 0.78 V and produces a current of 2.5 A. The cell is operated for 8 hours and consumes a total of 2400 Coulombs of charge. What is the efficiency of this electrochemical cell?

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To calculate the efficiency of the voltaic cell, we need to determine the actual work done by the cell and compare it to the theoretical maximum work that could be done.First, let's find the actual work done by the cell. Work is equal to the charge  Q  multiplied by the potential difference  V :Actual work = Q  VActual work = 2400 C  0.78 VActual work = 1872 JoulesNext, let's find the theoretical maximum work that could be done. We know that the cell produces a current of 2.5 A and operates for 8 hours. First, we need to convert the time to seconds:8 hours   3600 seconds/hour  = 28800 secondsNow, we can find the total charge that could be produced by the cell:Q_theoretical = Current  TimeQ_theoretical = 2.5 A  28800 sQ_theoretical = 72000 CoulombsThe theoretical maximum work is then:Theoretical work = Q_theoretical  VTheoretical work = 72000 C  0.78 VTheoretical work = 56160 JoulesNow we can calculate the efficiency of the cell:Efficiency =  Actual work / Theoretical work   100%Efficiency =  1872 J / 56160 J   100%Efficiency  3.33%The efficiency of this electrochemical cell is approximately 3.33%.

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