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Design a retrosynthesis for the synthesis of 2-phenylpropionic acid from benzene, ethylene, and CO₂.

asked 3 days ago in Organic Chemistry by AlvaFlorey57 (310 points)

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Design a process for the purification of a sample of crude oil. Describe the steps and the equipment needed for the process. Also, provide a brief explanation of the principles behind each step.

asked 3 days ago in Chemical engineering by ValenciaCkw (390 points)

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Calculate the ΔHrxn for the combustion of methane gas (CH4) if the enthalpies of formation for methane, carbon dioxide, and water are -74.8, -393.5, and -285.8 kJ/mol respectively, using Hess's Law.

asked 4 days ago in Chemical reactions by Ellie24R7717 (450 points)

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Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change for the reaction that occurs when a cell consisting of a nickel electrode and a silver electrode is connected, given that the nickel electrode is immersed in a solution containing 0.010 M Ni2+ ions and the silver electrode is immersed in a solution containing 0.20 M Ag+ ions. The standard reduction potential for the Ni2+/Ni half-cell is -0.25 V and for the Ag+/Ag half-cell is +0.80 V.

asked 4 days ago in ElectroChemistry by Fred30X73439 (450 points)

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Design a chemical reactor for the exothermic reaction A + B -> C, given the following parameters: - The reaction takes place at a temperature of 500°C- The reaction rate constant is 0.05 L/mol/min- The feed stream contains both A and B in equal molar amounts, with a total flow rate of 100 L/min- The desired product, C, should have a concentration of at least 90% in the reactor effluent stream- The reactor should have a residence time of at least 5 minutes. Determine the type of reactor (batch, plug flow, or continuously-stirred tank) and the dimensions (volume, length, diameter) required to achieve the desired product concentration and residence time, assuming an isothermal and well-mixed reactor.

asked 4 days ago in Chemical engineering by Louie80C6010 (450 points)

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Calculate the reaction quotient, Q, for the following reaction at room temperature:$$\ce{CH4(g) + 2O2(g) -> CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)}$$Given:- Partial pressure of methane, $\ce{CH4}$ = 0.25 atm- Partial pressure of oxygen, $\ce{O2}$ = 0.75 atm- Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, $\ce{CO2}$ = 0.0 atm- Partial pressure of water vapor, $\ce{H2O(g)}$ = 0.0 atmUse Q to determine if the reaction is at equilibrium, or if it will shift towards the products or reactants to reach equilibrium.

asked 4 days ago in Chemical thermodynamics by WilliamLangt (430 points)

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Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of glucose (C6H12O6) given that the standard enthalpies of combustion for glucose, carbon, and hydrogen are -2803.6 kJ/mol, -393.5 kJ/mol, and -285.8 kJ/mol, respectively.

asked 4 days ago in ThermoChemistry by Hilario7169 (490 points)

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Calculate the standard enthalpy change (ΔH°) for the reaction:2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)given the following bond energies:H-H = 436 kJ/mol, O=O = 498 kJ/mol, H-O = 463 kJ/mol

asked 4 days ago in Quantum Chemistry by Hortense02O4 (330 points)

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Design a chemical reactor for the production of 2000 kg of ammonia per hour from 3000 kg of nitrogen and 6000 kg of hydrogen per hour, using the Haber-Bosch process. Determine the most suitable operating conditions such as pressure, temperature, and catalyst type for maximum yield and cost-effectiveness.

asked 4 days ago in Chemical engineering by LuciaReitz29 (410 points)

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Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of methane gas (CH4) given the following data:- ∆H°combustion of methane = -890.36 kJ/mol - ∆H°formation of H2O (l) = -285.8 kJ/mol - ∆H°formation of CO2 (g) = -393.5 kJ/mol

asked 4 days ago in ThermoChemistry by ChasLutwyche (470 points)

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Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change for the electrochemical reaction of zinc and copper ions: Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq)Given the following standard electrode potentials: E°(Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu(s)) = 0.34 V E°(Zn2+(aq) + 2e- → Zn(s)) = -0.76 V Assume standard conditions (25°C and 1 atm pressure) and that the concentrations of the copper and zinc ions are both 1 mol/L.

asked 4 days ago in ElectroChemistry by BereniceStre (370 points)

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How can computational methods be used to design and predict the properties of supramolecular assemblies formed by organic molecules?

asked 2 days ago in Computational Chemistry by TheScientist (56.1k points)

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Calculate the standard free energy change for the redox reaction: 2Fe^3+(aq) + H2(g) --> 2Fe^2+(aq) + 2H^+(aq) Given the following standard reduction potentials: Fe^3+(aq) + e^- --> Fe^2+(aq) E° = +0.771 V 2H^+(aq) + 2e^- --> H2(g) E° = 0.000 V

asked 4 days ago in Chemical thermodynamics by SheldonW2345 (590 points)

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Consider the free radical polymerization of vinyl acetate with a thermally initiated kinetic mechanism. If the initial concentration of the vinyl acetate is 0.1 mol/L and the polymerization is carried out at 60°C, with a rate constant of 2.5 x 10^-3 L/(mol·s) for the propagation step and an activation energy of 20 kJ/mol, what is the half-life of the reaction?

asked 4 days ago in Polymer Chemistry by GuillermoJep (450 points)

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Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction that occurs when 4.50 grams of magnesium oxide reacts with excess hydrochloric acid, given the following information:2HCl(aq) + MgO(s) → MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l) ΔH = -120.3 kJ/molMolar mass of MgO = 40.31 g/molRound your answer to two decimal places.

asked 4 days ago in Chemical thermodynamics by CasimiraCuri (770 points)

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How does the presence of chaperone proteins affect the folding of newly synthesized proteins?

asked 4 days ago in BioChemistry by GiselleRoot (530 points)

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Consider the following equilibrium reaction:2NO(g) + Br2(g) ⇌ 2NOBr(g)If the initial concentration of NO is 0.10 M, Br2 is 0.20 M, and NOBr is 0.40 M, what would be the concentration of NOBr when additional Br2 is added such that its concentration is doubled? Calculate the new equilibrium concentration of NOBr assuming all other conditions remain the same.

asked 4 days ago in Chemical equilibrium by DorethaWoodf (310 points)

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Calculate the standard electrode potential of a silver electrode (Ag) in contact with a solution containing 1.0 M AgNO3 and a hydrogen electrode (Pt) in contact with a solution containing 1.0 M HCl, given that the reduction potential of Ag+/Ag is +0.80V and the reduction potential of H+/H2 is 0.00V at 298K.

asked 4 days ago in ElectroChemistry by RussFries886 (430 points)

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Design a distillation column that can effectively separate a mixture of 75% ethanol and 25% water with a feed rate of 1000 kg/hr. Your column should produce a distillate with a composition of at least 95% ethanol and a bottom product with no more than 5% ethanol. Assume the feed mixture enters the column at its boiling point and you have access to a cooling water supply at 20°C for the condenser. Provide a detailed design and justification of your column's operating conditions including temperatures, pressures, and flow rates.

asked 4 days ago in Chemical engineering by MadelineRobe (770 points)

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Consider a zinc electrode in a concentration cell that is connected to a copper electrode through a salt bridge. During the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of ZnSO4, a current of 2.5 A is passed through the cell for 20 minutes. Calculate the mass of zinc deposited on the electrode during this time assuming 100% efficiency. (Molar mass of zinc = 65.38 g/mol)

asked 4 days ago in ElectroChemistry by EarlWeiland2 (270 points)

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