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What is the yield of p-nitroaniline obtained when 10 grams of aniline is reacted with a 10 mL of 70% nitric acid solution for 1 hour?

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To calculate the yield of p-nitroaniline, we need to follow these steps:1. Determine the limiting reactant.2. Calculate the theoretical yield.3. Apply the reaction conditions to estimate the actual yield.First, let's write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:C6H7N + HNO3  C6H6N2O2 + H2OAniline  C6H7N  reacts with nitric acid  HNO3  to form p-nitroaniline  C6H6N2O2  and water  H2O .Step 1: Determine the limiting reactantMolar mass of aniline  C6H7N  =  6 x 12.01  +  7 x 1.01  + 14.01 = 93.13 g/molMoles of aniline = mass / molar mass = 10 g / 93.13 g/mol = 0.107 molMolar mass of nitric acid  HNO3  = 1.01 + 14.01 +  3 x 16.00  = 63.02 g/molSince we have a 70% nitric acid solution, the mass of nitric acid in 10 mL is:Mass of nitric acid = 10 mL x 1.42 g/mL  density of 70% HNO3  x 0.7 = 9.94 gMoles of nitric acid = mass / molar mass = 9.94 g / 63.02 g/mol = 0.158 molThe stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:1, so we need an equal amount of moles of both reactants. Since we have fewer moles of aniline  0.107 mol  than nitric acid  0.158 mol , aniline is the limiting reactant.Step 2: Calculate the theoretical yieldMolar mass of p-nitroaniline  C6H6N2O2  =  6 x 12.01  +  6 x 1.01  +  2 x 14.01  +  2 x 16.00  = 138.12 g/molTheoretical yield of p-nitroaniline = moles of limiting reactant x molar mass of product = 0.107 mol x 138.12 g/mol = 14.78 gStep 3: Apply the reaction conditions to estimate the actual yieldThe actual yield depends on the reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and time. Since we are given only the reaction time  1 hour , we cannot accurately estimate the actual yield without more information about the reaction conditions and the efficiency of the reaction.However, if we assume that the reaction goes to completion  100% yield  under the given conditions, the actual yield of p-nitroaniline would be equal to the theoretical yield, which is 14.78 g.
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