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What is the molar yield of the 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene product obtained from the reaction of 100 grams of toluene with excess nitric acid?

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To calculate the molar yield of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene  TNT  from the reaction of 100 grams of toluene with excess nitric acid, we need to follow these steps:1. Determine the molecular weight of toluene and TNT.2. Calculate the moles of toluene used.3. Determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.4. Calculate the moles of TNT produced.5. Calculate the molar yield of TNT.Step 1: Determine the molecular weight of toluene and TNTToluene  C7H8  has a molecular weight of: 7 * 12.01  +  8 * 1.01  = 84.14 g/molTNT  C7H5N3O6  has a molecular weight of: 7 * 12.01  +  5 * 1.01  +  3 * 14.01  +  6 * 16.00  = 227.13 g/molStep 2: Calculate the moles of toluene usedmoles of toluene = mass of toluene / molecular weight of toluenemoles of toluene = 100 g / 84.14 g/mol = 1.188 molesStep 3: Determine the stoichiometry of the reactionThe balanced chemical equation for the nitration of toluene to TNT is:C7H8 + 3 HNO3  C7H5N3O6 + 3 H2OFrom the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of toluene reacts with 3 moles of nitric acid to produce 1 mole of TNT.Step 4: Calculate the moles of TNT producedSince there is excess nitric acid, the reaction will be limited by the amount of toluene. Therefore, the moles of TNT produced will be equal to the moles of toluene used.moles of TNT = 1.188 molesStep 5: Calculate the molar yield of TNTThe molar yield of TNT is the same as the moles of TNT produced, which is 1.188 moles.
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