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What is the yield of aspirin obtained from the chemical synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride, and how does it vary with different reaction conditions such as temperature and reaction time?

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The yield of aspirin obtained from the chemical synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride depends on various factors, including the reaction conditions such as temperature and reaction time. The reaction can be represented as follows:C7H6O3  salicylic acid  + C4H6O3  acetic anhydride   C9H8O4  aspirin  + C2H4O2  acetic acid Typically, the yield of aspirin in this reaction ranges from 60% to 90%. However, this can vary depending on the specific conditions used during the synthesis.1. Temperature: The reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride is an esterification reaction, which is generally favored at higher temperatures. Increasing the temperature can increase the rate of the reaction and improve the yield of aspirin. However, if the temperature is too high, it may cause the decomposition of aspirin or the formation of side products, which can decrease the overall yield. A common temperature range for this reaction is between 80C and 100C.2. Reaction time: The reaction time also plays a crucial role in determining the yield of aspirin. A longer reaction time allows for more complete conversion of the reactants to the desired product, thus increasing the yield. However, if the reaction is allowed to proceed for too long, side reactions or decomposition may occur, which can decrease the yield. The optimal reaction time for this synthesis is typically around 20-30 minutes.3. Catalyst: The use of a catalyst, such as concentrated sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, can significantly increase the yield of aspirin by promoting the esterification reaction. The catalyst lowers the activation energy of the reaction, allowing it to proceed more quickly and efficiently.4. Purity of reactants: The purity of the starting materials, salicylic acid and acetic anhydride, can also impact the yield of aspirin. Impurities in the reactants may lead to side reactions or the formation of unwanted products, which can decrease the overall yield.In summary, the yield of aspirin obtained from the chemical synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride can vary depending on the reaction conditions such as temperature and reaction time. To optimize the yield, it is essential to carefully control these factors and use appropriate catalysts and pure reactants.
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