The surface area of a reactant affects the rate of a chemical reaction because it determines the number of particles that are exposed and available for collisions with other reactant particles. A larger surface area means more particles are exposed, leading to a higher probability of collisions and thus, an increased rate of reaction.This concept can be demonstrated through an experiment using calcium carbonate CaCO3 and hydrochloric acid HCl as reactants. The reaction between these two substances produces calcium chloride CaCl2 , water H2O , and carbon dioxide CO2 gas. The rate of reaction can be measured by observing the rate at which CO2 gas is produced.Materials:1. Calcium carbonate in two forms: powdered and solid pieces 2. Hydrochloric acid 1M solution 3. Two conical flasks4. Two gas syringes or gas collection tubes5. Stopwatch6. BalanceProcedure:1. Weigh equal amounts of powdered and solid calcium carbonate using the balance.2. Pour equal volumes of hydrochloric acid into the two conical flasks.3. Set up the gas syringes or gas collection tubes to collect the CO2 gas produced during the reaction.4. Add the powdered calcium carbonate to the first flask and the solid calcium carbonate to the second flask simultaneously. Start the stopwatch as soon as the reactants are mixed.5. Record the volume of CO2 gas collected in the gas syringes or gas collection tubes at regular intervals e.g., every 30 seconds for a predetermined period e.g., 5 minutes .6. Plot the volume of CO2 gas collected against time for both reactions.Results and Conclusion:The experiment should show that the reaction involving the powdered calcium carbonate with a larger surface area produces CO2 gas at a faster rate compared to the reaction involving the solid calcium carbonate with a smaller surface area . This demonstrates that an increased surface area leads to a higher rate of reaction due to more frequent collisions between reactant particles.