The surface area and crystal structure of a solid catalyst play crucial roles in determining its catalytic activity in the hydration of ethene to ethanol reaction. The two main factors that contribute to the effectiveness of a catalyst are the number of active sites and the accessibility of these sites to the reactants. Both of these factors are influenced by the surface area and crystal structure of the catalyst.1. Surface area: The surface area of a catalyst is directly related to the number of active sites available for the reaction to occur. A higher surface area means more active sites, which in turn leads to increased catalytic activity. This is because a larger surface area allows for more reactant molecules to come into contact with the catalyst, increasing the likelihood of successful collisions and reaction rates. In the case of the hydration of ethene to ethanol, a catalyst with a high surface area will provide more opportunities for the ethene molecules to interact with the catalyst, promoting the formation of ethanol.2. Crystal structure: The crystal structure of a solid catalyst affects its catalytic activity by determining the arrangement and accessibility of active sites on the catalyst surface. Different crystal structures can lead to variations in the distribution and density of active sites, which can influence the overall catalytic activity. Additionally, the crystal structure can affect the stability and selectivity of the catalyst. In the hydration of ethene to ethanol, a catalyst with an optimal crystal structure will have active sites that are easily accessible to the reactants and promote the formation of ethanol with high selectivity.In summary, the surface area and crystal structure of a solid catalyst are essential factors that influence its catalytic activity in the hydration of ethene to ethanol reaction. A catalyst with a high surface area and an optimal crystal structure will have more active sites and better accessibility for the reactants, leading to increased reaction rates and selectivity for the desired product, ethanol.