The reaction between hydrochloric acid HCl and calcium carbonate CaCO3 can be represented by the following balanced chemical equation:CaCO3 s + 2 HCl aq CaCl2 aq + H2O l + CO2 g In this reaction, calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide gas. The reaction rate and yield are affected by the concentration of the reactants, as described by the collision theory and the principles of chemical kinetics.1. Reaction rate: The reaction rate is the speed at which the reactants are converted into products. According to the collision theory, the reaction rate depends on the frequency and energy of collisions between the reacting particles. As the concentration of reactants increases, the number of particles per unit volume also increases, leading to a higher frequency of collisions. This results in an increased reaction rate.For the reaction between HCl and CaCO3, increasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid will increase the frequency of collisions between HCl and CaCO3 particles, thus increasing the reaction rate. Similarly, increasing the surface area of calcium carbonate e.g., by using a powdered form will also increase the reaction rate, as it provides more contact points for collisions to occur.2. Reaction yield: The reaction yield refers to the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction. In the case of the reaction between HCl and CaCO3, the yield is determined by the stoichiometry of the reaction, which states that one mole of CaCO3 reacts with two moles of HCl to produce one mole of CaCl2, one mole of H2O, and one mole of CO2.The reaction yield is influenced by the limiting reactant, which is the reactant that is completely consumed during the reaction and determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed. In this reaction, if the concentration of HCl is much higher than that of CaCO3, then CaCO3 will be the limiting reactant, and the reaction yield will be determined by the amount of CaCO3 present. Conversely, if the concentration of CaCO3 is much higher than that of HCl, then HCl will be the limiting reactant, and the reaction yield will be determined by the amount of HCl present.In summary, the concentration of reactants affects both the reaction rate and the reaction yield in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate. Increasing the concentration of reactants will generally increase the reaction rate, while the reaction yield will be determined by the limiting reactant, which depends on the relative concentrations of HCl and CaCO3.