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What is the mechanism for the reaction between ethanoic anhydride and water to form ethanoic acid? Provide a step-by-step explanation and include any intermediate products.

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The reaction between ethanoic anhydride  CH3CO 2O and water  H2O  to form ethanoic acid  CH3COOH  is a hydrolysis reaction. The mechanism for this reaction can be explained in the following steps:Step 1: Nucleophilic attackWater, which acts as a nucleophile, attacks the carbonyl carbon of one of the acyl groups in ethanoic anhydride. This leads to the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate. The oxygen atom in water donates a pair of electrons to the carbonyl carbon, while the carbonyl double bond's  electrons shift to the carbonyl oxygen, creating a negative charge on the oxygen atom.Step 2: Proton transferThe negatively charged oxygen atom in the tetrahedral intermediate abstracts a proton  H+  from the water molecule, which acts as a proton donor. This results in the formation of a hydroxyl group  -OH  attached to the carbonyl carbon.Step 3: Reforming the carbonyl groupThe negatively charged oxygen atom donates its electron pair back to form a double bond with the carbonyl carbon. At the same time, the electrons from the oxygen-carbon bond in the adjacent acyl group shift to the oxygen atom, breaking the bond between the two acyl groups.Step 4: Formation of ethanoic acidThe negatively charged oxygen atom in the leaving acyl group abstracts a proton  H+  from the hydroxide ion  OH-  formed in step 2. This results in the formation of ethanoic acid  CH3COOH .Overall, the reaction can be summarized as follows: CH3CO 2O + H2O  2 CH3COOHIn this reaction, ethanoic anhydride is hydrolyzed by water to form two molecules of ethanoic acid. The mechanism involves nucleophilic attack, proton transfer, and the breaking and reforming of bonds.

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