The rate of substitution in a coordination complex is influenced by several factors, including the size and charge of the incoming ligand. The effect of these factors can be explained as follows:1. Size of the incoming ligand: The size of the incoming ligand can affect the rate of substitution in a coordination complex through steric factors. Steric factors refer to the spatial arrangement and size of the ligands around the central metal ion.- If the incoming ligand is smaller, it can more easily approach and interact with the central metal ion, leading to a faster rate of substitution. This is because there is less steric hindrance, allowing the ligand to effectively displace the existing ligand in the complex.- If the incoming ligand is larger, it may experience greater steric hindrance, making it more difficult for the ligand to approach and interact with the central metal ion. This can result in a slower rate of substitution, as the larger ligand may not be able to effectively displace the existing ligand in the complex.2. Charge of the incoming ligand: The charge of the incoming ligand can also affect the rate of substitution in a coordination complex through electrostatic interactions.- If the incoming ligand has a higher charge more negative , it will have a stronger electrostatic attraction to the central metal ion which is typically positively charged . This stronger attraction can lead to a faster rate of substitution, as the incoming ligand can more effectively displace the existing ligand in the complex.- If the incoming ligand has a lower charge less negative or neutral , it will have a weaker electrostatic attraction to the central metal ion. This weaker attraction can result in a slower rate of substitution, as the incoming ligand may not be able to effectively displace the existing ligand in the complex.It is important to note that these factors can be influenced by other variables, such as the nature of the central metal ion, the existing ligands in the complex, and the reaction conditions e.g., temperature, solvent, etc. . Therefore, the overall effect of the size and charge of the incoming ligand on the rate of substitution in a coordination complex should be considered in the context of the specific system being studied.