The production of ammonia NH3 from nitrogen N2 and hydrogen H2 gases is an important industrial process known as the Haber-Bosch process. The overall reaction is:N2 g + 3H2 g 2NH3 g To improve the yield of ammonia in this reaction, we can use a specific catalyst and optimize the reaction conditions. Here's how:1. Catalyst: The choice of catalyst plays a crucial role in improving the yield of ammonia. In the Haber-Bosch process, an iron-based catalyst is commonly used. The catalyst lowers the activation energy of the reaction, allowing it to proceed at a faster rate and increasing the yield of ammonia. The catalyst is often promoted with small amounts of other elements like potassium, aluminum, or magnesium to enhance its performance.2. Pressure: According to Le Chatelier's principle, increasing the pressure will shift the equilibrium towards the side with fewer moles of gas. In the case of ammonia synthesis, there are 4 moles of gas on the reactant side 1 mole of N2 and 3 moles of H2 and 2 moles of gas on the product side 2 moles of NH3 . Therefore, increasing the pressure will favor the formation of ammonia. Industrial ammonia production typically operates at high pressures, around 150-300 atm.3. Temperature: The synthesis of ammonia is an exothermic reaction, meaning it releases heat. According to Le Chatelier's principle, lowering the temperature will favor the exothermic reaction, increasing the yield of ammonia. However, lowering the temperature also decreases the reaction rate. A compromise must be made between yield and reaction rate. In the Haber-Bosch process, a temperature of around 400-500C is typically used to balance the yield and reaction rate.4. Recycle unreacted gases: In industrial ammonia production, not all nitrogen and hydrogen gases are converted to ammonia in a single pass through the reactor. To improve the overall yield, unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen gases are separated from the ammonia product and recycled back into the reactor for further conversion.In summary, to improve the yield of ammonia in the production from nitrogen and hydrogen gases, an iron-based catalyst can be used, and reaction conditions can be optimized by using high pressure, moderate temperature, and recycling unreacted gases.