The presence of water affects the intermolecular interactions between sodium chloride NaCl and ethanol C2H5OH in several ways. 1. Ion-dipole interactions: Sodium chloride is an ionic compound, and when it is dissolved in water, it dissociates into sodium Na+ and chloride Cl- ions. Water, being a polar solvent, forms ion-dipole interactions with these ions. The positively charged sodium ions are attracted to the oxygen atoms of water molecules, while the negatively charged chloride ions are attracted to the hydrogen atoms of water molecules. These ion-dipole interactions are stronger than the interactions between NaCl and ethanol, which means that the presence of water can weaken the interactions between NaCl and ethanol.2. Hydrogen bonding: Ethanol is a polar molecule with an -OH group, which can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Hydrogen bonding is a strong intermolecular force, and the presence of water can increase the hydrogen bonding interactions between ethanol molecules. This can also weaken the interactions between NaCl and ethanol.3. Solvation: The presence of water can lead to the solvation of both NaCl and ethanol. Water molecules surround the Na+ and Cl- ions, as well as the ethanol molecules, forming a hydration shell around them. This solvation process can further weaken the interactions between NaCl and ethanol, as they are now separated by water molecules.4. Miscibility: Ethanol is miscible with water, which means that the two liquids can mix in any proportion. When water is added to a mixture of NaCl and ethanol, it can cause the NaCl to dissolve more readily in the water-ethanol mixture than in pure ethanol. This is because the presence of water increases the polarity of the solvent, allowing it to better dissolve ionic compounds like NaCl.In summary, the presence of water can weaken the intermolecular interactions between sodium chloride and ethanol by promoting ion-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, solvation, and increasing miscibility. This can lead to a better dissolution of NaCl in the water-ethanol mixture compared to pure ethanol.