The preparation of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline from aniline and chlorine gas involves a two-step process. First, aniline is nitrated to form 4-nitroaniline, and then it is chlorinated to form 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline.1. Nitration of aniline:The optimum temperature for nitration is around 0-5C. This is because aniline is highly reactive, and lower temperatures help control the reaction and prevent over-nitration. The reaction time for this step is typically 1-2 hours.2. Chlorination of 4-nitroaniline:The chlorination step is usually carried out at a temperature of 40-60C to ensure a high yield of the desired product. The reaction time for this step is typically 3-4 hours.In summary, to prepare 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline from aniline and chlorine gas with a high yield, the nitration step should be performed at 0-5C for 1-2 hours, followed by the chlorination step at 40-60C for 3-4 hours.