The pH level of water is a critical factor that affects the survival and growth of aquatic plants and animals in a polluted water system. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with a pH of 7 being neutral, below 7 being acidic, and above 7 being alkaline. Aquatic organisms have specific pH ranges in which they can thrive, and any deviation from this range can have detrimental effects on their survival and growth.1. Effects on aquatic plants:Aquatic plants play a crucial role in maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystems by providing oxygen, food, and habitat for other organisms. However, changes in pH levels can significantly impact their growth and survival.- Acidic conditions low pH : Acidic water can damage the cell structure of aquatic plants, leading to reduced growth, reproduction, and even death. Additionally, low pH levels can increase the solubility of toxic metals such as aluminum, which can be absorbed by plants and cause further harm.- Alkaline conditions high pH : High pH levels can reduce the availability of essential nutrients such as iron, manganese, and phosphorus, leading to nutrient deficiencies and stunted growth in aquatic plants. Alkaline water can also cause the precipitation of calcium carbonate, which can coat plant surfaces and inhibit their ability to absorb nutrients and light.2. Effects on aquatic animals:Aquatic animals, such as fish, invertebrates, and amphibians, are also sensitive to changes in pH levels. Their survival and growth can be negatively impacted by both acidic and alkaline conditions.- Acidic conditions low pH : Acidic water can cause damage to the gills, skin, and other tissues of aquatic animals, leading to respiratory distress, reduced growth, and increased susceptibility to diseases and parasites. Acidic conditions can also disrupt the ion balance in their bodies, impairing essential physiological processes such as osmoregulation and acid-base balance. Furthermore, low pH levels can increase the toxicity of certain pollutants, such as heavy metals, which can accumulate in the tissues of aquatic animals and cause further harm.- Alkaline conditions high pH : High pH levels can also cause damage to the gills and skin of aquatic animals, leading to similar problems as those associated with acidic conditions. Additionally, alkaline water can reduce the availability of certain essential nutrients, such as trace metals, which can negatively impact the growth and reproduction of aquatic animals.In conclusion, maintaining a stable and appropriate pH level in aquatic ecosystems is crucial for the survival and growth of both plants and animals. Pollution can alter the pH of water systems, leading to a range of negative effects on aquatic organisms. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and manage the pH levels in polluted water systems to protect and preserve these vital ecosystems.