The optimal ratio of titanium dioxide nanoparticles TiO2 and graphene oxide GO in a composite material for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells DSSCs depends on the specific application and desired properties of the solar cell. However, research has shown that incorporating a certain amount of graphene oxide into the TiO2 matrix can improve the overall efficiency and stability of the solar cell.A study by Wang et al. 2012 found that a composite with a weight ratio of 1% GO to TiO2 1:100 exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency of 7.48%, which was an improvement of 32.5% compared to a pure TiO2-based DSSC. The enhanced efficiency was attributed to the improved electron transport and reduced charge recombination in the presence of GO.Another study by Roy-Mayhew et al. 2014 reported that incorporating 2 wt% of GO into the TiO2 matrix resulted in a 15% increase in power conversion efficiency compared to a pure TiO2-based DSSC. The improved efficiency was attributed to the increased surface area and improved charge transport properties of the composite material.In terms of stability, incorporating GO into the TiO2 matrix can also improve the long-term stability of the solar cell. The presence of GO can help to prevent the aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles, which can lead to a more stable and efficient solar cell over time.In summary, the optimal ratio of TiO2 nanoparticles and graphene oxide in a composite material for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells depends on the specific application and desired properties of the solar cell. However, research has shown that incorporating a small amount of GO 1-2 wt% into the TiO2 matrix can improve the overall efficiency and stability of the solar cell. Further research and optimization may be required to determine the ideal ratio for a specific application.