The most efficient process for the production of 1,3-propanediol PDO using renewable resources such as plant-based feedstocks is through the bioconversion of glycerol, which is a byproduct of biodiesel production. This process is considered environmentally friendly and economically viable.There are two main routes for the production of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol:1. Microbial fermentation: In this process, specific microorganisms, such as Clostridium butyricum, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Lactobacillus reuteri, are used to convert glycerol into 1,3-propanediol. The choice of microorganism can affect the yield and selectivity of the reaction. For example, Clostridium butyricum is known to have a high selectivity for 1,3-propanediol production, while Klebsiella pneumoniae has a lower selectivity but a higher growth rate. The fermentation process can be optimized by controlling factors such as pH, temperature, and nutrient supply to maximize the yield and selectivity of 1,3-propanediol production.2. Catalytic hydrogenolysis: In this process, glycerol is converted into 1,3-propanediol through a catalytic reaction in the presence of hydrogen. The choice of catalyst plays a crucial role in determining the yield and selectivity of the reaction. Some common catalysts used for this process include supported metal catalysts e.g., Pt, Pd, Ru, and Ni and metal oxide catalysts e.g., Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 and Cu-Cr2O3 . The choice of catalyst support material, such as activated carbon, alumina, or silica, can also affect the reaction performance.The choice of catalyst can significantly impact the yield and selectivity of 1,3-propanediol production. For example, Pt-based catalysts are known to have high selectivity for 1,3-propanediol, while Ni-based catalysts tend to produce more byproducts such as ethylene glycol and 1,2-propanediol. The reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and hydrogen-to-glycerol ratio, can also be optimized to improve the yield and selectivity of the process.In summary, the most efficient process for the production of 1,3-propanediol from renewable resources is through the bioconversion of glycerol, either by microbial fermentation or catalytic hydrogenolysis. The choice of catalyst or microorganism, as well as the optimization of reaction conditions, can significantly affect the yield and selectivity of the reaction.