The most effective solvent and reaction conditions for the synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol PVA from vinyl acetate monomer VAM involve the use of an aqueous solution and a base-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction.1. Solvent: Water is the most commonly used solvent for this reaction because it is environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and can dissolve both vinyl acetate monomer and the resulting polyvinyl alcohol.2. Catalyst: A base catalyst, such as sodium hydroxide NaOH or potassium hydroxide KOH , is used to promote the hydrolysis of vinyl acetate monomer to form polyvinyl alcohol.3. Reaction conditions: The reaction is typically carried out at an elevated temperature, around 60-90C, to increase the reaction rate. The concentration of the base catalyst should be carefully controlled to avoid side reactions and ensure a high degree of hydrolysis. The reaction can be performed under atmospheric pressure or slightly elevated pressure to improve the reaction rate and yield.4. Degree of hydrolysis: The degree of hydrolysis, which refers to the extent to which the vinyl acetate monomer is converted to polyvinyl alcohol, can be controlled by adjusting the reaction time, temperature, and catalyst concentration. A higher degree of hydrolysis results in a more water-soluble PVA with increased hydrophilic properties.In summary, the most effective solvent and reaction conditions for synthesizing polyvinyl alcohol from vinyl acetate monomer are an aqueous solution, a base catalyst such as NaOH or KOH , and elevated temperature 60-90C . These conditions promote efficient hydrolysis of the vinyl acetate monomer and allow for control over the degree of hydrolysis to obtain the desired properties of the resulting polyvinyl alcohol.