The most effective and environmentally safe methods for the disposal of radioactive waste to minimize long-term impact on the environment and human health include:1. Deep Geological Repositories DGRs : This method involves storing radioactive waste deep underground in stable rock formations, typically at depths of 300-1000 meters. DGRs are designed to isolate the waste from the biosphere for thousands to millions of years, ensuring minimal impact on the environment and human health.2. Transmutation: Transmutation is a process that involves converting long-lived radioactive isotopes into shorter-lived or stable isotopes through nuclear reactions. This can be achieved using advanced nuclear reactors or particle accelerators. By reducing the half-life of the radioactive waste, the potential long-term impact on the environment and human health is significantly reduced.3. Dry Cask Storage: This method involves storing spent nuclear fuel in large, robust, and leak-tight containers made of steel and concrete. The casks are designed to provide radiation shielding and passive cooling, ensuring the safe storage of radioactive waste for several decades. This method is considered an interim solution until a more permanent disposal option, such as a deep geological repository, is available.4. Reprocessing: Reprocessing involves separating valuable materials, such as uranium and plutonium, from spent nuclear fuel. These materials can then be reused in new nuclear fuel, reducing the volume of high-level radioactive waste. However, reprocessing is a complex and expensive process, and it raises concerns about nuclear proliferation.5. Near-Surface Disposal Facilities: Low-level radioactive waste can be safely disposed of in engineered facilities located near the Earth's surface. These facilities are designed to contain the waste and prevent the release of radioactive materials into the environment. This method is suitable for short-lived radioactive waste, such as contaminated protective clothing and equipment.6. Improved Waste Management Practices: Reducing the generation of radioactive waste through better waste management practices, such as waste minimization, recycling, and segregation, can help minimize the long-term impact on the environment and human health.It is essential to choose the appropriate disposal method based on the type and level of radioactivity of the waste, as well as considering the local geological and environmental conditions. Additionally, strict regulatory oversight and continuous monitoring are crucial to ensure the safety and effectiveness of radioactive waste disposal methods.