The human body can synthesize non-essential amino acids through various metabolic pathways. Non-essential amino acids are those that can be produced by the body and are not required to be obtained through the diet. The synthesis of non-essential amino acids involves several enzymes that catalyze specific reactions in the metabolic pathways.Here is a brief overview of the synthesis of some non-essential amino acids and the enzymes involved:1. Alanine: Alanine is synthesized from pyruvate, an intermediate in glycolysis, through a transamination reaction. The enzyme involved in this process is alanine aminotransferase ALT , which transfers an amino group from glutamate to pyruvate, forming alanine and -ketoglutarate.2. Aspartate: Aspartate is synthesized from oxaloacetate, an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, through a transamination reaction. The enzyme involved in this process is aspartate aminotransferase AST , which transfers an amino group from glutamate to oxaloacetate, forming aspartate and -ketoglutarate.3. Asparagine: Asparagine is synthesized from aspartate through an amidation reaction. The enzyme involved in this process is asparagine synthetase, which transfers an amide group from glutamine to aspartate, forming asparagine and glutamate.4. Glutamate: Glutamate is synthesized from -ketoglutarate, an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, through a transamination reaction. The enzyme involved in this process is glutamate dehydrogenase, which transfers an amino group from an amino acid donor such as alanine or aspartate to -ketoglutarate, forming glutamate.5. Glutamine: Glutamine is synthesized from glutamate through an amidation reaction. The enzyme involved in this process is glutamine synthetase, which transfers an amide group from ammonia to glutamate, forming glutamine.6. Serine: Serine is synthesized from 3-phosphoglycerate, an intermediate in glycolysis, through a series of reactions involving the enzymes phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, phosphoserine aminotransferase, and phosphoserine phosphatase.7. Proline: Proline is synthesized from glutamate through a series of reactions involving the enzymes glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, and proline dehydrogenase.8. Glycine: Glycine is synthesized from serine through a deamination reaction. The enzyme involved in this process is serine hydroxymethyltransferase, which transfers a hydroxymethyl group from serine to tetrahydrofolate, forming glycine and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate.9. Cysteine: Cysteine is synthesized from serine and homocysteine through a series of reactions involving the enzymes cystathionine -synthase and cystathionine -lyase.10. Tyrosine: Tyrosine is synthesized from phenylalanine through a hydroxylation reaction. The enzyme involved in this process is phenylalanine hydroxylase, which adds a hydroxyl group to phenylalanine, forming tyrosine.These metabolic pathways and enzymes ensure that the body can produce the non-essential amino acids required for various physiological processes, such as protein synthesis and energy production.