The Hofmann Elimination reaction is a process that involves the conversion of primary amides to primary amines with one fewer carbon atom, followed by the elimination of a leaving group to form an alkene. The reaction proceeds through the formation of an isocyanate intermediate, which is then hydrolyzed to form the primary amine. The E2 mechanism, on the other hand, is a one-step bimolecular elimination reaction that involves the removal of a proton and a leaving group from adjacent carbon atoms to form an alkene.Hofmann Elimination Mechanism:1. Formation of a quaternary ammonium salt: A primary amine reacts with an excess of alkyl halide to form a quaternary ammonium salt. R-NH2 + 3 RX R-N+ R 3 X-2. Formation of an isocyanate intermediate: The quaternary ammonium salt is heated with a strong base e.g., silver oxide, Ag2O to form an isocyanate intermediate. R-N+ R 3 X- + OH- R-NCO + 3 R-X3. Hydrolysis of the isocyanate: The isocyanate is hydrolyzed to form the primary amine with one fewer carbon atom and a molecule of carbon dioxide. R-NCO + H2O R-NH2 + CO2Example of Hofmann Elimination:Starting with propylamine CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2 , we can form a quaternary ammonium salt, followed by the elimination reaction to form an isocyanate intermediate, and finally hydrolyze it to form ethylamine CH3-CH2-NH2 and carbon dioxide.E2 Mechanism:1. A strong base abstracts a proton from the -carbon of the substrate, while the leaving group departs from the -carbon, resulting in the formation of an alkene.Example of E2 Mechanism:Starting with 2-bromopentane CH3-CH2-CH Br -CH2-CH3 , a strong base like ethoxide ion CH3-CH2-O- can abstract a proton from the -carbon, and bromide ion Br- leaves from the -carbon, resulting in the formation of pent-2-ene CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 .Differences in the products:The products of the Hofmann Elimination reaction are primary amines with one fewer carbon atom and carbon dioxide, whereas the products of the E2 mechanism are alkenes. The Hofmann Elimination reaction is specifically useful for the synthesis of less-substituted alkenes, while the E2 mechanism can lead to the formation of more substituted alkenes, depending on the substrate and reaction conditions.